文章は興味深いものですが、設問は最悪なので全部はずしました。
The group of researchers at Children's (Hospital Boston) is one of only five academic teams in the world with plans to clone human cells, a highly controversial technique. Yet, unlike the other groups, which hope for medical applications down the road, but are geared toward basic science, the team at Children's is focused on making cells to cure patients. Being at this hospital, where doctors sometimes watch helplessly as a young life slips away, makes them feel they do not have a day to waste. "It can be very emotional," said Dr. Leonard Zon, director of a new stem cell program at Children's. "There is a sense of urgency." In pursuit of this goal, Zon and his colleague, Dr. George Daley, have been drawn deeply into an area of science that is looking for a precise answer to a seemingly simple question: where does blood come from?
Blood is so complex that scientists refer to it as an organ, like the brain or the heart. It includes the red blood cells that carry oxygen, at least five main types of white blood cells that protect the body, doing battle with invaders, as well as other specialized cells. Many things can go wrong with this system, such as leukemia, when blood cells become cancerous, or a long list of genetic diseases, including anemia, where the red blood cells do not form properly. To do bone marrow transplants today, doctors first use a combination of drugs and radiation to kill a patient's blood system. Then they give the patient bone marrow from a donor---often a family member---whose marrow is similar, and unlikely to be rejected by the body. In this bone marrow are a small number of blood stem cells. After they are injected into the patient, these stem cells travel to the patient's bone marrow, take up residence, and then completely rebuild the entire blood and immune systems. These blood stem cells, like every other cell in the body, began as a single fertilized egg cell. Using mice and tiny fish, scientists at Children's and elsewhere have been discovering how cells specialize as an embryo develops and trying to imitate that specialization in the laboratory. While these experiments are under way, the work on cloning human cells has not begun because the team does not yet have permission from the participating institutions, or from an independent board, which by U.S. federal law, reviews all research that involves people.
[2006年 早稲田（教育・部分）]
いくつわかりますか？不明なものは辞書などを引いてみてください。解決できない場合は質問してください。また全文を読みたい場合は連絡してください。
clone human cell
medical application
stem cell
red blood cell
white blood cell
leukemia
cancerous
genetic disease
bone marrow transplant
a combination of drugs and radiation
bone marrow cf.spinal marrow
donor
blood stem cell
immune system
fertilized egg cell
embryo
なお、この早稲田の教育学部の全問は、こちら
その文の元記事は、こちら
Designer Blood
Children's scientists hope to use cloning to improve bone marrow transplants
By Gareth Cook, Globe Staff | May 17, 2005 http://www.boston.com/news/globe/reprints/051705_designerblood/
コメント